Which Countries Offer Residency by Investment?

Residency by investment programmes — sometimes called "golden visas" — allow individuals to obtain temporary or permanent residency in a foreign country by making a qualifying economic contribution. These programmes have proliferated globally over the past decade, driven by rising demand for international mobility, tax planning flexibility and lifestyle diversification.

In Europe, Portugal, Greece, Spain and Malta remain the most established options. Portugal's programme (revised in 2024) now focuses on venture capital fund investments from €500,000, while Greece offers one of the lowest entry points at €250,000 for real estate in most areas. Spain's programme requires a minimum €500,000 property investment, and Malta offers both residency and citizenship pathways.

The UAE has emerged as a leading destination with its Golden Visa programme, offering 10-year renewable residency for property investments of AED 2 million or more. The programme's appeal is enhanced by the UAE's zero income tax regime, world-class infrastructure and strategic location between Europe and Asia.

The Caribbean nations — including St Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica and Grenada — offer citizenship-by-investment programmes starting from approximately $100,000 in donations or $200,000 in real estate. These provide visa-free access to 140+ countries and attractive tax environments. Selection should be guided by your specific goals: Schengen access, tax optimisation, lifestyle or legacy planning.